It was subsequently, not until after the American constitution of 1787, that a new concept of federalism was introduced. Dual federalism was dominant from the 1790s until the 1930s. Fear of insecurity and the desire for a Union Meaning of federalism? Also see: Reasons why lawyers wear wigs to court, Origin and nature of federalism in Nigeria. Therefore, the problem with federalism in Nigeria is the mix-application or non-application of this clause especially as it has to do with power distribution (Awa, 1977). Nigeria is quite a big country with an area of 923,768 km2. There must exist supremacy of the constitution, which implies that laws passed by the authority in the federal arrangement, if contrary to the constitution shall be declared to be ultra votes. The second theory focuses on the existence of external military or diplomatic threat for the origin of federalism. There is a general opinion that Nigeria was formed because of the interest of the British and they had to govern the country under a federation system. >> Promoting an awareness of federalism - University of the Philippines In other not to control only some parts of the big country, Nigeria, the colonial masters thought it wise to divide the country into different component units that will be represented in the government. Bashar Abubakar Bukkuyum This is good 'nd thank you Blogger. However, it is also fact that since independence Nigeria has promulgated several constitutions and that if Nigeria wanted an alternative system of government, she could have opted for it. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. >> Granted is the fact that federalism was launched in Nigeria by expatriate leaders, its continued existence since independence is standing firm on the interest of the indegeneous leaders. Comparative Analysis of Federalism and Natural Resource Management So for effective governance of a country of this big size, federalism has to be adopted. To begin with, the title of this book, " Last Train to Biafra " is allegorically evocative of the severing of, or rather the dead relationship between Nigeria and Biafra. Also it is more useful to expansiate on them. According to Ayoade (2009:iii): Nigerians have come to identify the first republic 1960- 66 as the golden age of federalism in Nigeria. More importantly, certain heavy but blurred (or fluid) terminologies that define or designate Nigerias federal principle, which are highly pertinent to coexistence, have yet compounded the theoretical and practical significance of federalism in Nigeria. Nigeria as a nation has succeeded in commanding influence among member states by the virtue of its size. Nigeria, a previously unitary state, became a federation in 1954. ), Constitutionalism, Constitution Making and Constitutional Reform in Africa: Contemporary Perspectives from Sub-Saharan Africa, Chapter IX: The politics and policies of oil deregulation in Nigeria: Implications and policy suggestions. This is so because where federal principles apply, the various ethnic groups that cannot or dont form majority to produce large part may have the opportunity of governing themselves within their federating unit controlled by them. It allows for popular participation in politics at every level of government. Fiscal federalism, sub-national revolts and internal colonialism in Nigeria What were the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? Very often, the problem has appeared in twofold. Federalism will shape the long-term health and economic impacts of COVID-19, including plans for the future, for at least two reasons: First, federalism exacerbates inequities, as some states have a history of underinvesting in social programs, especially in certain communities. It forays into the inherent issues underlying the Biafran movement and the ways in which those issues, as well as Biafran agitation, are inimical to Nigeria's development. << Section 10 of the constitution rule outs the adoption of any religion as a state religion either. >> Matters, enumerated in the exclusive list are selected for the federal authority, while matters that fall within the concurrent list are selected for the federal government, and the regions. It concluded that the interplay of these variables leads to the degeneration of the national question and. by the federal or any state government. % Asst. %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz 33 The Marriage Act, Laws of the Federation of Nigeria, 1990, sec 18 specifically stipulates: "If either party to an intended marriage, not being a Consent widower or widow, is under twenty-one years of age, the written consent of the father, or if he be dead or of unsound mind or absent from Nigeria, of the mother, or if both be dead or of unsound mind or absent from Nigeria, of the . Here, both the majority and minority are represented in the government. /Contents 4 0 R Another important factor that necessitated federalism in Nigeria was the political culture of the country. It also shows the growth rate as an engine to the development of economies of developing countries like Nigeria in this 21p century. Thus, there is continuous agitation by many ethnic nationalities for a sovereign national conference in order to renegotiate the Nigeria federal deal to put Nigeria on the path of true federalism to guarantee her unity and co-existence. Do you know the reasons for federalism in Nigeria? Multi-Ethnicity Nigeria is a country with a lot of ethnic groups. 7 Reasons for Federalism in Nigeria: Why Nigeria Adopted - Bscholarly (Pdf) Fiscal Federalism and Local Government Financial Autonomy in The regional government had power over matters that are listed under the residual list. reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria pdf. /F7 24 0 R 2. So, what are the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? The unity here is brought about by the desire of the component units of the federation to form union in respect of some matters. five reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria explained. /Filter /FlateDecode Nigeria is a plural society of over 250 tongues and tribes. Federalism in Nigeria refers to the devolution of self-governance by the West African nation of Nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty with the Federal Government . Nigeria as a result was divided into three provinces. Federalism was favoured among other systems of government in a bid to averting both fancied and real fear of domination among the minorities. Some of the reasons include preservation of identities. Federalism in India. Have you ever wondered why Nigeria is practicing a federal system of government and not any other system? ff>qsfN? or this it really helped me, Your email address will not be published. Federalism in Canada - Canada.ca REASONS FOR LOW TRADE Historical reasons - India adopted socialist model of economy and policy of import substitution and protectionism till 1990s and civil wars and domestic instability in other countries Poor Connectivity- Due to difficult terrain on borders, poor development of inland waterways, poor border infrastructure like border huts . Take for example, in the Nigerian case of Attorney General of Federation v Attorney General of Abia and others (2002) 3 NCLR 1ar p 54, the issue of resource control in a true federalism was the bone of contention in that matter. Be the first to get hottest news from our Editor-in-Chief, Check your email and confirm your subscription. Meaningful studies, especially the comparative study of Vile, have significantly shown that emerging challenges of conflict, cooperation and competition amongst levels of government in classical federalist states such as U.S., Canada and Australia, are important rationales for federating as well as the hallmarks of federal government (Vile, cited in Jinadu, 1979). Each state has the same level of self-governance. PDF Federal Theory and Federalism in Africa Berihun Gebeye - McGill University $4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ? Nigeria and Ghana can not easily form a country chiefly because they are not geographically contiguous. /F4 15 0 R This paper explores the issue of unification federalism in Nigeria, which has been an obstacle to peace, development and threats to security .The findings from an extensive reading of related materials suggest that, the root of contemporary political conflict and underdevelopment in Nigeria political landscape shows clearly in the area of Unity of the country: 3.3 3. is one of the devices built into the federal constitution of Nigeria as a means of achieving unity in diversity. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. 2) The Problem of Minorities: In Nigeria, there are majority groups and minority groups. Federalism is a method of segregating powers so that the central and local governments are each within a domain, harmonizing and autonomous. Nigeria did not choose federal system of government because it is the best or most practiced system of government in the world. PDF Fiscal Federalism in Nigeria: Theory and Dimensions Over the years the fiscal federalism in Nigeria has crystallised and remained . The governmental powers are shared between the federal government and the thirty-six state governments. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. Regrettably, this system is founded on a militarily-conceived constitution lacking a fully enforceable bill of rights and clear governmental functions. Stated reasons of the coup were prevailing gangsterism and disorder, corruption and nepotism in the civil government. FOR CLIENTS OUTSIDE NIGERIA. The constitution must be rigid to avoid frequent and unnecessary changes. i dont have my first school leaving certificate. The military were able to create more states because military decrees do not pass the same rigorous method bills pass in a democratic government. The analysis of the emerging issues and scenarios as well as the response options aims at supporting the efforts of different stakeholders including the Federal government on managing the current pro-Biafra agitation. This post will give you some insight into why federalism was adopted as the system of governance in Nigeria. Federalism and the United States Constitution - ThoughtCo It is our pleasure. Not minding the general relevance of these coinages, an arduous task lies in properly assessing their specific impacts in a given political enclave. /ColorSpace /DeviceRGB Even the masses in the rural areas of the country are allowed to participate in politics by electing their representatives into office. Political culture of Nigeria: 3.4 4. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The size of Nigeria is therefore managed and maintained with federalism. In his judgment, Ogundare JSC agreed that the provisions to Sections 162(2) of the constitution re-stabilized the principle of derivation. The first military head of state, General J.T.U Aguiyi Ironsi for instance was interested in a unitary Nigeria and he scrapped federalism. The Emergence of Nigeria as a political entity under colonial rule was not an easy affair. Trouble for INEC staff who violated Electoral Act during presidential polls as c 53 things to do with your boyfriend: fun ways to spend time together, Presidential election: Jack-Rich salutes Tinubu, Shettima over victory, Maritime workers hail Supreme Court over old naira notes, says cargo can now leave ports, Dating apps in Nigeria: best applications to help you find the one. Federalism And Intergovernmental Relations In Nigeria - Samphina Put differently, revenue sharing has become a recurrent crisis factor in Nigeria. In examining post-independence constitution-making in Nigeria, this chapter finds that military rule blighted Nigerias capacity to respond appropriately to the challenges of federalism. Olawale Olaopa, Ibikunle Ogundari, Mike Awoleye and Willie Siyanbola, Nigeria Quasi Federalism: An Obstacle To Peace And Development In Nigeria, FEDERAL BALANCING IN NIGERIA: A PARADIGM FOR SUSTAINABLE DEMOCRACY, DECENTRALIZING PUBLIC SECTOR COLLECTIVE BARGAINING AND THE CONTRADICTIONS OF FEDERAL PRACTICE IN NIGERIA, The National Assembly, Constitution Amendment and Civil Society Expectations, True Federalism in Nigeria: A Political Discourse, Re-regionalization and Fiscal Federalism: The Panacea for Accelerated National Development in Nigeria, REPORT OF NIGERIA'S 2014 NATIONAL DIALOGUE, Politics, Power. Required fields are marked *. The disadvantages are that it can set off a race to the bottom among states, cause cross-state economic and social disparities, and obstruct federal efforts . In Nigerian democracy, there is a federalist system of government. Federalism, Nigerian Federal Constitution and the Practice of Below are the reasons why Nigeria adopted a federal system of government: The major reason for the adoption of federal system of government in Nigeria is borne out of the historical experience that brought all the ethical groups together under one Nigeria. It means that the sovereign unit (Centre) and local units . Despite that, instead of unity, cooperation and consensus, there has been apparent division, disagreement, and dissension. Unfortunately, since the formation of Nigeria and adoption of this system of governance in the country has not seen much effect of federalism. Federalism - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy The United States, Canada, India, France and Australia adopted federalism because of the desire for security by the various ethnic units. Problems facing the legal profession in Nigeria, History of the legal profession in Nigeria, Problems of Local Government in Nigeria And Solutions, 5 important Characteristic of customary law, Sources of Nigerian Law: everything you need to know. Full History of Nigerian Federalism | Nigerian Federalism In the words of Richards, regionalism was introduced to strengthen unity in diversity. 3 0 obj Nigeria thus consists of various ethnic groups and sub-national states, all of which are at the mercy of the Central government. "There are reasons why some nation-states opt for federalism. PDF Fiscal Federalism, Resource Control, and Restructuring in Nigeria: the So, without wasting much time, what is a federal system of government? This paper consequently argues that the anxiety as well as angst attributable to this agitation has the tendencies of not only disrupting the relative-peace presently enjoyed by the various groups, but is also, if not controlled, capable of plunging the country into a state of economic comatose and perpetual fragility. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Federalism as said earlier decentralizes power. This was one of the major reasons for the creation of the newer and smaller states after the independence. The intimidating size of Nigeria does not only earn her an international respect but also provides her with a buffer to attacks by rogue nations and disgruntled neighbours. Differences between 1960 and 1963 constitution of Nigeria, Differences Between First, Second and Third Degree Murder, Best Lawyers In The World (With Pictures): Top 10 Most Popular, Factors that Limits Independence of the Judiciary in Nigeria, Statute of Fraud: Contracts Required to be in Writing, Advantages And Disadvantages Of a Limited Liability Company (LLC), Richest Christian Musicians In The World: Top 10 Wealthiest, Countries With The Highest Minimum Wage 2022: Top 13, Best Handworks/Skills To Learn In Nigeria 2023: Top 12 Most Lucrative, Richest Engineers In Nigeria 2022: Top 10 Highest Paid, Cheapest Places to Live in the United Kingdom 2022: 12 Most Affordable, Cheapest Places/Cities To Live In Nigeria 2022. In many countries of the world, federalism has emerged as a means of accommodating the growing desire of people to preserve or revive the intimacy of small societies and the growing necessity for larger combinations to mobilize the utilization of common resources. PDF Introduction: Federalism in Nigeria - JSTOR Federalism is a mixed form of government where there is a general government always known as the central or federal government and regional governments which could be provincial or states governments.
Procyonid Watercourse Map, Police Runs Licking County Ohio, 1996 Impala Ss For Sale In Tennessee, What Brings You Here Tinder, Fredricka Whitfield Parents, Articles R