He had finished his palace of Richmond, he was controlling his allies and keeping an eye on his enemies, and now was the time to finalise the marriage agreement between England and Spain. By subscribing you confirm that you have read and agree to the Privacy Policy [opens in new window] and the Terms & Conditions [opens in new window]. Elizabeth did get pregnant, but then went into premature labour. Henry VII, also called (145785) Henry Tudor, earl of Richmond, (born January 28, 1457, Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, Walesdied April 21, 1509, Richmond, Surrey, England), king of England (14851509), who succeeded in ending the Wars of the Roses between the houses of Lancaster and York and founded the Tudor dynasty . It was really very well researched and painstakingly written. [citation needed] John Cabot, originally from Genoa and Venice, had heard that ships from Bristol had discovered uncharted new found territory far west of Ireland. "King Henry VII" redirects here. Possession of something the French King wanted also made the Duke of Brittany safer in his own duchy. The marriage did not take place during his lifetime. [22] Thus, anyone who had fought for Richard against him would be guilty of treason and Henry could legally confiscate the lands and property of Richard III, while restoring his own. His history plays depicted the dramatic conflicts of the wars of the roses, which Henry's accession after his victory at Bosworth in 1485 brought to an end. Thanks largely to the desertion of his stepfather, Lord Stanley, to him, he defeated and slew Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth on August 22, 1485. I thought the way he controled the nobility was fascinating - keeping them in check as well a raising vast sums of money at the same time. This book was way too focused on what happened, but not so much on the why or why it was important. [14] In November 1476, Francis fell ill and his principal advisers were more amenable to negotiating with King Edward. Swynford was Gaunt's mistress for about 25 years. He was the first monarch of the House of Tudor. They were unpaid, which, in comparison with modern standards, meant a smaller tax bill for law enforcement. Watch with Prime The parts on how he abused his position and the law to enrich himself while an entire nation watched helplessly are, frankly, pretty relevant to now. Thomas Penns Winter King in a brilliant mash-up of gothic horror and political biography. [citation needed], Henry began taking precautions against rebellion while still in Leicester after Bosworth Field. In response to this threat within his own household, the King instituted more rigid security for access to his person. In 1485 Henry landed at Milford Haven in Wales and advanced toward London. Henry's original head was cut out of the painting and replaced at some point after the work's creation. Henry spared Richard's nephew and designated heir, John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln, and made the Yorkist heiress Margaret Plantagenet Countess of Salisbury suo jure. His first son and heir apparent, Arthur, Prince of Wales, died suddenly at Ludlow Castle, very likely from a viral respiratory illness known at the time as the "English sweating sickness". [citation needed], In 1506, Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller Emery d'Amboise asked Henry VII to become the protector and patron of the Order, as he had an interest in the crusade. Edmund was created Earl of Richmond in 1452, and "formally declared legitimate by Parliament". Henry, recognizing that Simnel had been a mere dupe, employed him in the royal kitchens. Some of them have more to say than Penn about the constructive sides of the reign, which developed the state-building methods of his Yorkist predecessors. Winter King: Henry VII and the Dawn of Tudor England [74] Margaret Tudor wrote letters to her father declaring her homesickness, but Henry could do nothing but mourn the loss of his family and honour the terms of the peace treaty he had agreed to with the King of Scotland. His claim to the throne was precarious and was from an illegitimate line, a family who had been banned from taking the throne, so Henry needed to make the people believe that he was their rightful King and to do that he had to start behaving like one. Soon after his fathers burial on 10 May, Henry suddenly declared that he would indeed marry Catherine, leaving unresolved several issues concerning the papal dispensation and a missing part of the marriage portion. This definitely was not that. France, Burgundy, the Holy Roman Empire, Spain and the Hanseatic League all rejected the treaty, which was never in force. Thomas Mores coronation poem for Henry VIII contrasted the new Kings reign with the dark days of the past. [citation needed] Nonetheless, by 1483 Henry was the senior male Lancastrian claimant remaining after the deaths in battle, by murder or execution of Henry VI (son of Henry V and Catherine of Valois), his son Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales, and the other Beaufort line of descent through Lady Margaret's uncle, Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset. [citation needed], However, his principal weapon was the Court of Star Chamber. Catherine's mother Isabella I of Castile had died and Catherine's sister Joanna had succeeded her; Catherine was, therefore, daughter of only one reigning monarch and so less desirable as a spouse for Henry VII's heir-apparent. Henry VIII Books Exploring the Best Books on Englands Most Infamous King, 18 February 1516 The birth of Queen Mary I, daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon. [79], Amiable and high-spirited, Henry was friendly if dignified in manner, and it was clear that he was extremely intelligent. Henry VII was succeeded by his second son, Henry VIII. He was the first Tudor king after defeating Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth in August 1485. Henry VII is actually a less familiar figure, despite being the same person. An easy read? He had brought the country to the brink of dynastic ambition, but not quite, so his closest advisers kept his death secret until St Georges Day, the annual meeting of the Order of the Garter. Anyone perceived to have any potential political power or social capital was rendered deeply indebted to the crown and at risk of complete financial ruin upon the whim of the king and his councillors. [18] He was welcomed by the French, who readily supplied him with troops and equipment for a second invasion. Winter King: Henry VII and the Dawn of Tudor England His history plays depicted the dramatic conflicts of the wars of the roses, which Henry's accession after his victory at Bosworth in 1485 brought to an end. Henry came to the throne following the death of his father, Henry VII. Amateur historians Bertram Fields and Sir Clements Markham have claimed that he may have been involved in the murder of the Princes in the Tower, as the repeal of Titulus Regius gave the Princes a stronger claim to the throne than his own. He had gone from a refugee landing on an isolated beach in Wales to being a great king. Well written and really interesting about an often ignored king. The Lancastrian Henry and his Yorkist wife Elizabeth strove to reconcile the factions, but unreconciled Yorkists, to whom he was no more than a usurper, harassed his reign. Henry VII was also shown, but his black line just traced back to Owen Tudor, a chamber servant. At Rennes Cathedral on Christmas Day 1483, Henry pledged to marry Elizabeth of York, the eldest daughter of Edward IV. England had been ravaged for decades by conspiracy, violence, murders, coups and countercoups. [51], Henry VII was one of the first European monarchs to recognise the importance of the newly united Spanish kingdom; he concluded the Treaty of Medina del Campo, by which his son Arthur, Prince of Wales, was married to Catherine of Aragon. Indeed he was born in winter, on January 28th 1457, in Pembroke Castle, in Wales and that is one of the reasons why the Welsh dragon always formed part of his insignia. He attained the throne when his forces, supported by France, Scotland, and Wales, defeated Edward IV's brother Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field, the culmination of the Wars of the Roses. He explained how Henry VII had achieved what he set out to do, he had passed on the crown successfully. He was the first monarch of the House of Tudor.[a]. [59][60][61], He was content to allow the nobles their regional influence if they were loyal to him. this was well-written and i love henry vii for how he managed to a) get the throne of england and b) keep it and make the crown so solvent after the devastating years of the Wars of the Roses, but i can't help but think that a lot of this was rather dry. [citation needed], To secure his hold on the throne, Henry declared himself king by right of conquest retroactively from 21 August 1485, the day before Bosworth Field. The significant role played by bitcoin for businesses! There were some sections I had to skim because I didn't feel they were relevant to the storyline, but mostly I was hooked into this very complex King. A King from upstart usurper to renaissance monarch to Machiavellian schemer. [62], Henry VII used justices of the peace on a large, nationwide scale. Hed achieved the impossible, hed risen from refugee to King of England. Yet in the hands of a narrator as accomplished as Penn, the reign acquires its own, troubling fascination. [citation needed], After 1503, records show the Tower of London was never again used as a royal residence by Henry VII, and all royal births under Henry VIII took place in palaces. However, with the help of the forces of his step-father, Lord Stanley, he defeated Richard and Richard was killed on the battlefield. In 1497 Warbeck landed in Cornwall with a few thousand troops, but was soon captured and executed. For inheriting an unstable throne, holding it for 25 year and leaving England relatively stable, Henry VII deserves his own biography and a lot more credit. In 1621 Francis Bacon's history of the reign called Henry "a dark prince, and infinitely suspicious". [23] After his coronation Henry issued an edict that any gentleman who swore fealty to him would, notwithstanding any previous attainder, be secure in his property and person. He married his brother's widow, Catherine of Aragon. Henry VIII, (born June 28, 1491, Greenwich, near London, Englanddied January 28, 1547, London), king of England (1509-47) who presided over the beginnings of the English Renaissance and the English Reformation. This was excellent. The baby died and Elizabeth, herself, died on 11th February 1503, her 37th birthday. Unfortunately, since all I really wanted to know about was learning about Henry the 7th and his family as people - the things that happened to them, what kind of people they were, etc. Its inhabitant was once one of England's most exuberant kings, yet his resting place was only re-discovered in 1813. Interesting look at the founder of the Tudor dynesty. Not only was . Henrys Chamber Accounts show payment to strangers and people across the sea, who appear to have been part of a network of spies and informers who kept an eye on potential troublemakers and alerted the King. 24th April 2023 - courses open for registrations. One of their sons was Edmund, Henry's father. [67], Henry made half-hearted plans to remarry and beget more heirs, but these never came to anything. Henry started a new policy to recover Guyenne and other lost Plantagenet claims in France. What did the people of England think of Henry VIII? - eNotes.com Annoyingly, much of the most interesting stuff concerns his son, and whenever Penn comments intelligently on how the events here affected the future Henry VIII's reign I found myself perking up such as the suggestion that Henry VII's marriage to Elizabeth was the kind of marriage that their second son, Prince Henry, would spend his whole life trying to find. King Henry the VII and King Henry the VIII both feared being invaded by foreign countries. He spent money lavishly, held big parties. Up to a point, he succeeded. For other uses, see, Henry holding a rose and wearing the collar of the, Law enforcement and justices of the peace, the 1486 rebellion of the Stafford brothers, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Cultural depictions of Henry VII of England, "Tudor Pembroke | Ymddiriedolaeth Harri Tudur | Henry Tudor Trust", "BBC Wales History Themes Pembroke The Main Street", "Westminster Abbey website: Coronations, Henry VII and Elizabeth of York", "Calendar of State Papers, Spain: Supplement To Volumes 1 and 2, Queen Katherine; Intended Marriage of King Henry VII To Queen Juana", "Domestic and foreign policy of Henry VII", "Queen Margaret's Arch | York Civic Trust", "Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond", The Reign of Henry VII. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. [citation needed], All Acts of Parliament were overseen by the justices of the peace. Read all Directors Giulia Clark Stuart Elliott Writers 1845. [32], Next, in 1487, Yorkists led by Lincoln rebelled in support of Lambert Simnel, a boy they claimed to be Edward of Warwick (who was actually a prisoner in the Tower).
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