+Any cracks or holes in the land will easily let the water escape. +dad aerates this layer every fall science olympiad dynamic planet oceanography notes. In these boundary currents, the flow is from East to West or West to East. dynamic equilibrium A system in a steady state since forward reaction and backward reaction occur at the same rate; the rate of loss is equal to the rate of gain. depends upon the lake level and the capacity of the effluent channel; the amount of water leaving a lake. +soil composition, Any ground that remains completely frozen for extended periods of time (multiple years). Any form of water that falls from clouds and reaches Earth's surface (rain, snow, hail, sleet, and/or mist), water that flows over the ground and into streams and rivers rather than soaking into the ground, the process by which water changes from a liquid to a gas or vapor, water pollution, land pollution, air pollution, and noise pollution, =Industrial waste Depth, ecosystem (plant life), sediment type, outflow source/s, inflow source/s, Importance chemicals to lake life: nitrogen and phosphorus These waves move through water shallower than 1/20 their wavelength, These waves travel though water deeper than 1/20 but shallower than 1/2 their wavelength. what is produced when a crustal plate moves over a stationary hot spot? Commonly these come from a submarine hills or glaciers. *ZTQ!%*e,w8z2yACs[N#t}NZt>?.9,$#_5c About 3.5% of the weight of seawater comes from the dissolved salts; in a cubic mile of seawater, the weight of the salt in the form of sodium chloride would be about 120,000,000 tons. 15. What is a beach? 2 Juli, 2022 . Depends of surface sunlight and increases as the ocean depth decreases. when the amount of sediment becomes greater than the carrying capacity of the force that is moving it; sediment from eroded materials settles. It's the pitch black bottom layer of the ocean, the name abyss comes from the Greek word meaning "no bottom" because they thought the ocean was bottomless. Two-way communication via satellite allows control of remote instruments. From https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/SeaIce: Sea ice also plays a fundamental role in polar ecosystems. The Science Olympiad Foundation conducts the science Olympiad exam. Other combinations of these techniques are under development. 42 0 obj +change in x over change in y but in topo map terms, The lowest level to which a stream can erode or running water can flow (the part of the slide where a kid starts to slow down - the flattened bottom), the flat, wide area of land along a river; an area that is subject to natural flooding from an adjoining waterway, cut bank, point bar, oxbow lake, natural levee, & backswamp (see images). High score wins. Research vessels transport remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) to study sites and provide staging, servicing, and monitoring platforms for them. A natural source of water formed when water from an aquifer moves up to the ground surface. a maritime tropical air mass is likely to be what? What is the magnitude of the gravitational force on the meteor from the satellite at the closest approach? The channel is usually not well defined. One array transmits a succession of sonic pulses in a 60 , 90, or 120 swath. +Water always flows downhill perpendicular to the contour lines. Notes: Extremely heavy and can take a sample of the hardest rocky ocean bottoms (like granite and marble), Samples: Bottom sediments (mud or sand) :.)=@y o'F@ a single channel that winds snakelike over the area it covers. deltas that are formed as rivers deposit large, coarse sediments; these deltas are usually confined to rivers emptying into freshwater lakes. The Dynamic Planet Quiz Book offers two, one for each Division, short 29 question tests built from questions asked at previous National Tournaments. Water flows in the stream at least 90 percent of the time in a well defined channel. Reflection occurs with little loss of energy. These robots, used for many years for simple oceanographic tasks, are increasingly sophisticated. Operates: At any depth on a cable or line with a messenger that makes bottle rotate 180 degrees while trapping water and closing ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( F" G !1AQ"a2qBR#3br$4CS%&Ds 2 !1"2AQaq3B#R ? The West Wind Drift is an example of this type of boundary current. Science Olympiad is a national STEM competition dedicated to improving the quality of K-12 science education, increasing interest and engagement in science, and providing recognition for outstanding achievement by students and teachers. endstream Aboard the ship, a flow cytometer may be used to analyze particles in the form of single-celled organisms for optical properties indicative of their physiology and structure. der Potsdamer Platz. Notes: Any type of bottle can be used to capture surface water, Samples: Bottom sediments (mud or sand) Why do you think the arrangement of neuron layers is sometimes described as backwards?. nick point basically this just refers to a steep and rapid change in gradient; this is usually marked by a waterfall. 41 0 obj =acid rain Trajectories of individual floats show how the water moves horizontally, and trajectories of groups of floats show how the water is mixed by eddies. A mathematical equation stating that a volume of water, passing through a specified area of material at a given time, depends on the material's permeability and hydraulic gradient. what does destructive interference result in? For many years, current meters have been attached to moorings as described above, left for a time to collect data, and then retrieved. << /Type /XRef /Length 66 /Filter /FlateDecode /DecodeParms << /Columns 5 /Predictor 12 >> /W [ 1 3 1 ] /Index [ 133 26 ] /Info 145 0 R /Root 135 0 R /Size 159 /Prev 446956 /ID [<2d92f2a28170415fac90dfa552561314><2d92f2a28170415fac90dfa552561314>] >> ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( X" c !1AQa"q2U#BRVbr67fstu$3CS5Tc%&8d4DE' ? A system in a steady state since forward reaction and backward reaction occur at the same rate; the rate of loss is equal to the rate of gain. Probably the most commonly used water sampler is known as a CTD/rosette: it is a framework designed to carry 12 to 36 sampling bottles (typically ranging from 1.2- to 30-liter capacity) and a conductivity/ temperature/ depth sensor that sends information to the laboratory so that the water bottles can be closed selectively as the instrument ascends. From these measurements, accurate estimates of air-sea fluxes can be made. endobj Points are awarded for quality and accuracy of answers. What is a gyre? E@ (M( ) 3V(E@G*Uqt(P!+U_j{UC2%9GYyOJ8v1Qe:B+*#8SVuim.tR4`7BBBK)sjl$pp*J'm~p+|)Hx+8@TQ 9|'ZJPH"v4: Most ions are used by organisms and remove from the water, others are not used and are left for a long time where their concentration increases over time. what is the type of wind driven wave that is found in large bays or semi enclosed areas? There is a nick point here. -HRAC}HL_()O:)lW*18ORzw*BXt$O6H_g:6#MHA?j) l}U@7p>j Kd0}mkT*wv4#(t3DF (P40iDQ (b( 1C;PTB The load contains dissolved materials such as sodium and calcium. $7 Jj(c~*%Kny Numeric and graphic displays of data in the ship's laboratory provide maps of the seafloor topography. Notes: Developed by Dr. W. Van Dorn, Samples: Water =industrial waste -#4yl&r35_TPyl%|zzOoT-OA$j&zr{Q{B 0b:cH7?a z@j0n*'HoOQT(P7#U`fW5[2 oGTgopb h%>[ 0 zFT'x*w@JBd)[y{~M new water that enters the aquifer from the surface. Also known as wave steepness. A body of water that is surrounded by land it can be fresh water or salt water. A drainage pattern in which streams follow a roughly circular or concentric path along a belt of weak rock, resembling in plan a ringlike pattern. This information is important for understanding how water tracers and pollutants are transported by the ocean. New Business Models: exploring scenarios for cost reduction, revenue generation, and technology integration. emissions of gases, non-explosive lava emissions, extremely violent explosive bursts that last many hours; volcanic eruptions, a process by which glaciers form and spread; the forming, existence, or movement of glaciers over the surface of the earth. Operates: At any depth on a cable or line with a messenger, Samples: Water . stream Operates: At any depth on a cable or line by free fall (no messenger needed) Dams' affects: =landfills, =burning of fossil fuels Teams will then be asked to answer questions, perform calculations, and otherwise solve the tasks they are given. << /Contents 139 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Parent 150 0 R /Resources << /ExtGState << /G3 146 0 R >> /Font << /F4 147 0 R /F5 148 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI ] /XObject << /X6 138 0 R >> >> /StructParents 0 /Type /Page >> no clear pattern, areas covered by continental galcial ice sheet. is the ratio between the length of the channel and the straight-line path length along the valley floor. der Reichstag. Currents flowing on surface in opposite direction to main currents. A device that determines the distance of an object under water by recording echoes of sound waves. Surface water seeps into the ground and recharges the underlying aquifer while groundwater discharges to the surface and supplies the stream with more water. the area of the ocean beyond the edge of the continental shelf. Vz[wR:\hkDW A standard rosette/CTD cast, depending on water depth, requires two to five hours of station time. Horizontal distance between two consecutive wave crests or wave troughs, Vertical distance between a wave crest and an adjacent wave trough. It depends on wind patterns in the atmosphere. (See image), In the same way that water moves upwards through a tube against the force of gravity; water moves upwards through soil pores, or the spaces between soil particles. About US; Channels; Contact; Packages; Tata sky; Main menu In the North Atlantic, this runs somewhat southwest to northeast, while in the North Pacific it runs much more east-west. what is the density of seawater at 4 degrees Celsius? Welcome to Dynamic Planet! This change in the suns position from winter to summer means that more energy's reaching the ocean and therefore warms the water. Chloride, Sodium, Sulfate, Magnesium, Calcium, Potassium, Bicarbonate, and Bromine. Television cameras serve as "eyes" for the shipboard researchers, who receive television signals and control the vehicle via a fiber-optic cable. %# , #&')*)-0-(0%()( C endobj Dynamic Planet is an event concerned with the processes which change the Earth. The pattern a drainage network takes when viewed from the air. Miniaturization in electronics now allows scientists to put computers of increasing sophistication in pressure cases and send them down several thousand meters to control a variety of instruments. (see image), Layers below the zone of aeration; the soil or rock located below the top of the groundwater table. stream endobj =wind Continental Crust, continental shelf, continental slope, continental rise, ocean floor, and oceanic crust. Determine the molecular formula of estradiol. There are five of these boundary currents. lines of equal elevation of groundwater elevation; indicate the elevation of the water table at that location (on a topo map) (see image), Are perpendicular to contour lines and show the direction in which water flows on a topo map. The key answer is that the shape of the gyre is determined by whether the winds torque the water in a clockwise or in a counterclockwise direction. +this calculates the curvature of the body. Almost microscopic algae and animals that are carried by current and waves. Due to the warmth of the water, the molecules are slightly expanded in this region. This spring forms from the pull of gravity. The temperature in this zone is constant. One such lander is released from the research vessel at the sea surface. Collective term for the dripstone features found in caverns (Cave formations), formed by the dissolution of limestone deposits, Large landslides can block rivers and create lakes in the mountains, These lakes are caused by the activities of living organisms, Lack of mixing of a lake due to differences in water temperature (density), Waves produced by the energy of moving water, water-saturated land area that supports aquatic plants.